What are the four cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation?

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Multiple Choice

What are the four cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation?

Inflammation produces four classic local signs due to changes in blood flow and the vessels in the affected tissue. Redness comes from vasodilation and the increased blood flow to the area, while heat reflects the warmth of that blood. Swelling results from greater vascular permeability allowing fluids and proteins to leak into the surrounding interstitial space, creating edema. Pain arises because chemical mediators such as bradykinin and prostaglandins stimulate nociceptors and edema can press on nerves. The option that lists redness, swelling, heat, and pain matches these local signs exactly. Fever is a systemic response, not a local sign, and numbness or itching are not part of the classic four signs.

Inflammation produces four classic local signs due to changes in blood flow and the vessels in the affected tissue. Redness comes from vasodilation and the increased blood flow to the area, while heat reflects the warmth of that blood. Swelling results from greater vascular permeability allowing fluids and proteins to leak into the surrounding interstitial space, creating edema. Pain arises because chemical mediators such as bradykinin and prostaglandins stimulate nociceptors and edema can press on nerves. The option that lists redness, swelling, heat, and pain matches these local signs exactly. Fever is a systemic response, not a local sign, and numbness or itching are not part of the classic four signs.

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