What is cystic fibrosis? How does the disease present?

Prepare for your Anatomy and Physiology II Exam with our comprehensive exam resources. Utilize flashcards, multiple choice questions with hints, and detailed explanations. Boost your readiness for success!

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR chloride channel, which disrupts chloride and water movement across epithelial surfaces. This reduces the airway surface liquid, so mucus becomes thick and sticky. That mucus blocks the mucociliary elevator, making it hard to clear debris and bacteria, which leads to recurrent respiratory infections and chronic lung problems. The same thick mucus can plug pancreatic ducts, causing pancreatic insufficiency and malabsorption, and people often have salty skin from increased sweat chloride. The choice describes the key mechanism—chloride transport defect producing thick mucus that impairs mucociliary clearance and drives repeated lung infections—making it the best answer. The other options describe infections, autoimmune disease, or digestive-only issues, which don’t capture the genetic, multisystem nature of CF.