What is epistaxis?

• A. Nosebleed
• B. Sneezing
• C. Nasal congestion
• D. Loss of smell

Answer: (A)

Epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. It means bleeding from the nasal cavity due to rupture of small vessels in the nasal mucosa, most often in the front part of the nose near the septum (the Kiesselbach area). This condition is distinct from sneezing, nasal congestion, or loss of smell, which are not bleeding events. Most nosebleeds are minor and can be stopped by pinching the soft part of the nose and leaning forward to prevent swallowing blood, usually for several minutes. If bleeding is heavy, lasts a long time, or recurs, medical care may be needed for cauterization, nasal packing, or addressing underlying causes.