Which innate defense is described as 'keep hazardous organisms and materials outside'?

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Multiple Choice

Which innate defense is described as 'keep hazardous organisms and materials outside'?

Physical barriers are the first line of innate defense, designed to keep hazardous organisms and materials outside the body. This includes intact skin and mucous membranes that form a tough, protective surface, plus mechanisms like mucous traps, the ciliary escalator, and sneezing or coughing that remove invaders before they can reach deeper tissues. The idea is prevention of entry, not dealing with pathogens after they’ve entered. Phagocytes, interferons, and the complement system all act after a barrier has been breached: phagocytes engulf and destroy invaders, interferons warn neighboring cells and help mount antiviral defenses, and the complement system aids opsonization and lysis to eliminate microbes.

Physical barriers are the first line of innate defense, designed to keep hazardous organisms and materials outside the body. This includes intact skin and mucous membranes that form a tough, protective surface, plus mechanisms like mucous traps, the ciliary escalator, and sneezing or coughing that remove invaders before they can reach deeper tissues. The idea is prevention of entry, not dealing with pathogens after they’ve entered.

Phagocytes, interferons, and the complement system all act after a barrier has been breached: phagocytes engulf and destroy invaders, interferons warn neighboring cells and help mount antiviral defenses, and the complement system aids opsonization and lysis to eliminate microbes.

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